Hillbilly Elegy addresses the effects of generational poverty by illustrating how it shapes the identities, decisions, and opportunities of individuals within the Appalachian community. J.D. Vance highlights the persistent struggles that his family and neighbors face, emphasizing their history of economic hardship and the cultural attitudes that accompany such a background. He discusses the psychological impacts of living in an environment where failure is normalized, as well as the tendency to cope through avoidance and wishful thinking, which can hinder personal growth and resilience. Vance also reflects on the importance of community support and personal agency, arguing that despite the overwhelming challenges, individuals can still take control of their destinies if they are empowered by their families and community. Ultimately, he paints a complex picture where cultural expectations, family dynamics, and socioeconomic factors intertwine, creating both significant barriers and opportunities for future generations.