1. Symbol of Innocence: The boy represents the innocence lost amid the brutality of the Gwangju Uprising. His journey conveys the impact of violence on young lives, illustrating how political turmoil invades personal realms and disrupts the fabric of childhood. 2. Connection to Collective Memory: Through the boy's experiences, the narrative connects individual suffering to collective memory. His interactions and observations reflect the larger historical context, serving as a lens through which the reader can perceive the broader implications of the uprising on society. 3. Embodiment of Hope and Resilience: Despite the surrounding chaos, the boy's ability to retain a smile and find joy symbolizes hope and resilience. This juxtaposition reminds readers of the enduring spirit of those who suffer, as his character embodies the struggle for dignity in the face of dehumanization. 4. Catalyst for Reflection: The boy's narrative invites both characters and readers to reflect on the nature of human existence. His simple yet profound moments encourage contemplation on identity, memory, and the implications of violence, urging an examination of the moral responsibilities tied to witnessing and remembering historical atrocities. 5. Connection to Others: His relationship with other characters, including Dong-ho, creates bonds that emphasize the interconnectedness of human lives even in times of strife. This underscores the importance of solidarity and support in navigating the trauma inflicted by violence.