The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where individuals with low ability at a task overestimate their competence. This phenomenon arises because they lack the knowledge or skills to accurately assess their own performance, leading them to believe they are more capable than they actually are. The effect illustrates that the less competent people are, the more likely they are to be unaware of their incompetence, which can result in overconfidence. Conversely, those who are genuinely skilled often underestimate their abilities, as they are aware of the complexities of the task and the knowledge required to excel. This bias can hinder personal and professional growth, as individuals may refrain from seeking improvement or further learning, believing they already possess adequate skills. Ultimately, recognizing the Dunning-Kruger effect can lead to increased humility and a healthier approach to self-assessment and learning.