Learning can affect brain structure and function by leading to changes in synaptic connections. When learning occurs, new neural pathways are formed or existing ones are strengthened, altering the brain's structure. This process is known as neuroplasticity, and it plays a crucial role in shaping how we learn and retain information. Additionally, learning can also increase the production of neurotransmitters and promote the growth of new neurons, further influencing brain function. Overall, the relationship between learning and brain structure is dynamic and bidirectional, with each influencing the other in a continuous feedback loop.